Cardiology is a specialty that sees rapid development in technology and cardiovascular procedures. There should be no knowledge deficit regarding ICD-/CPT codes for claims to be reimbursed, as it is accurate coding that gets physicians paid.
Ambulance services are handled by paramedics and other medical professionals. They are well trained and equipped to carry out the first aid and transportation.
The nature of the patient population, the needs of the patients at various stages, and the norms for insurance coverage add to the challenges the providers face to keep the practice running.